Wood species

[German version]

Name	Geographic distribution	Comments
Abura, Bahia	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	low durability reasonably fungus- but not insect-resistant not teredo-resistant blue (oxidative) discoloration possible due to contact with iron/steel freshly unbarked wood has tendency to split at edges rafted blocks often contain nails and other metallic inclusions and thus depreciative oxidative discoloration
Acariquara	South America West Africa	particularly teredo-resistant salt-water resistant frost-resistant used for breakwater construction
African mahogany, Khaya Mahagoni, acajou d’Afrique	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	roundwood with and without bark sapwood: low durability (blue stain) heartwood: good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis mahogany is susceptible to stains
White mahogany, acajou blanc	West Africa	good durability reasonably susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain in sapwood) mahogany is susceptible to stains
African Padouk, sandalwood	West Africa	roundwood, dressed or undressed heartwood: very good durability fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis strong aromatic odor, stow away from odor-sensitive products
African canarium, Aiele	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (bluish-black discoloration due to poor storage, blue stain) not teredo-resistant severe frost damage in winter
Ako	West Africa Central Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant due to low durability, ako should be obtained only from reliable consignors, who guarantee quick loading and protective chemical treatment
Alerce, Patagonian cypress	South America	very good durability heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant also supplied as hewn beams
Amarante, violet wood	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, dermatitis, faintness and general unwell feeling wood becomes violet on exposure to air
American mahogany, Baywood, acajou d’Amérique	South America Central America	good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably termite-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis, impaired general state of health
Andiroba	South America Central America	good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant termite-resistant not teredo-resistant
Angélique	South America	good to very good durability resistant to fungi and insects reasonably teredo-resistant also square-hewn beams (ram piles)
Aningeria, Aningré blanc	West Africa	sapwood: low durability (blue stain), not insect-resistant heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant dark oxidative discoloration in parts
Aspen	Europe West Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack also to frost splitting
Assacu, Hura wood	South America Central America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Avodire	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack, in particular to blue stain not teredo-resistant
Ekki, Azobé, Bongossi	West Africa Central Africa	very good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant teredo-resistant Ekki is one of the hardest, most resistant wood species
Baboen	South America Central America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood somewhat more durable than sapwood requires quick hauling out after felling, rapid shipment chemical roundwood protection necessary
Balsawood, Balsa, Corkwood	South America Central America	very low durability extremely susceptible to fungal and insect attack, therefore treat chemically, or at least unbark, immediately after felling paraffin treatment to protect against moisture absorption lightest commercial wood, lighter than cork must be stowed very carefully due to risk of breakage has low abrasion- and pressure-resistance, so handle carefully no other cargo should be stowed on blocks
Sycamore	Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack
Bété, Mansonia	West Africa	roundwood with or without bark sometimes dressed sapwood: low durability heartwood: good durability, reasonably fungus- but not insect-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis, nosebleeds, sore throats, nausea, dizziness
Birch	Europe Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack decays very rapidly in the case of roundwood without bark with small central trunk diameter, frost splitting may lead to total loss
Pear-tree	Central Europe Southern Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (splitting, rotting, fungal discoloration, worm grooves)
Black walnut, American walnut	North-eastern America	sapwood: low durability heartwood: reasonably good resistant to fungi and insects
Blue gum, Eucalyptus, Jarra wood, Australian Mahogany	Southern Australia	good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis
Bahia Rosewood, Pinkwood, Bois de rose	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant oxidative discoloration on contact with metals, in particular iron/steel
Guarea, Bossé, Acajou bossé	West Africa	sapwood: low durability (blue stain) heartwood: good durability, fungus-resistant, reasonably insect-resistant, not termite- or teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
Bubinga, Kevazingo	West Africa	roundwood, dressed sapwood: low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack (rotting) heartwood very good, fungus- and insect-resistant
Cedar, Cedro, Cedrela	South America Central America	sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably resistant to fungi and insects, reasonably termite-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis discoloration of wood on contact with metals has penetrating odor
Champak	South-east Asia	low durability extremely susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant
Chikrassy, Yimma	South-east Asia South Asia	good to moderate durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
Cocobolo	South America	roundwood, dressed very good durability heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant oxidative discoloration on contact with metals, in particular iron/steel
West-Indian Locust, Courbaril	Central America South America	good to very good durability reasonably resistant to fungi and insects not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis
Dahoma, Dabéma	West Africa Central Africa	heartwood: very good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably termite-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes due to wood dust contact with iron/steel causes oxidative discoloration of damp wood
Paldao, Dao	South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal attack heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
African walnut, Tigerwood, Dibétou	West Africa	low durability not resistant to fungi and insects not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis blocks with raft hooks always subject to major discoloration
Douglas fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon Pine	North America	good durability heartwood: almost fungus- and insect-resistant (frost splitting, rotting, worm grooves) damp wood tends to stain
Figured macore	West Africa	good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant not teredo-resistant fresh roundwood sensitive to frost biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
Doussié, Afzelia, Apa, Aligna	West Africa Central Africa	good durability reasonably termite-resistant not teredo-resistant end protection recommended biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
Ebony, Macassar ebony	South-east Asia	roundwood, dressed good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes due to high value, pieces must be carefully counted during cargo handling
Rowan, mountain ash	North Africa Europe West Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration, rotting, worm grooves)
Sweet chestnut	North Africa Western Europe Southern Europe	sapwood: low durability heartwood: reasonably fungus-resistant, not insect-resistant, durable in water metal corrosion possible (blue discoloration) at high wood moisture levels biologically active wood: dermatitis
Yew	North Africa Western Europe Central Europe Southern Europe	very good durability
Oak, English oak, common oak, pedunculate oak	Europe	sapwood: low durability heartwood: durable end protection and prevention of water ingress are recommended, due to risk of tan stains use rope yarn for segregation, not paint do not load cut lumber with fibrous materials, since planing impossible
Wild Service Tree, Chequers	Central Europe Southern Europe	low durability durable in dry susceptible to fungal attack
Alstonia, Patternwood, Stoolwood, Emien	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant protective chemical treatment necessary
Ash	Europe Asia	low durability, especially in open air (oxidative discoloration, rotting, worm grooves, frost splitting)
Erinado, Essessang	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (ring shakes, blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Yellow Sterculia, Eyong	West Africa	very low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Faro	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant protective chemical treatment necessary requires quick transport and prompt shipment avoid any extended storage (splitting, blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Spruce, Norway spruce	Central Europe South-eastern Europe North-eastern Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (discoloration, rotting)
Idigbo, Framiré	West Africa	sapwood: low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, wet wood liable to yellowing) heartwood: reasonably good durability protective chemical treatment necessary
Silk cotton tree, Fromager, Ceiba	West Africa Central Africa East Africa South America Central America South Asia South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant protective treatment necessary prompt transport and quick shipment necessary
Guayac, Lignum Vitae	South America Central America	good durability reasonably fungus-resistant, virtually insect-resistant teredo-resistant water-repellent due to high content of hydrophobing constituents biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes wood is of high value oil- and resin-rich wood very hard
Greenheart, Demerara Greenheart	South America	very good durability heartwood: fungus-resistant and virtually insect-resistant, termite-resistant teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, impaired vision, breathing difficulties end protection is recommended
Hickory	North-eastern America	sapwood: low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration, splitting, also frost splitting, rotting, worm grooves) not teredo-resistant heartwood somewhat more resistant
Adjouaba, Igaganga	West Africa	roundwood predominantly unbarked sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
Ilomba, Ekom	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	low durability very susceptible to fungal and insect attack (splitting, blue stain, decay, rotting, worm grooves) roundwood must be protected immediately after felling Ilomba is particularly susceptible to attack at extreme risk of frost splitting, so particular care must be taken during the cold part of the year
Brazilian walnut, Imbuia	South America	good durability reasonably fungus-resistant only occasional insect infestation end protection necessary
Incense cedar, Eastern red cedar, Pencil cedar	North America	good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
Iroko, Kambala	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	roundwood generally dressed very good durability heartwood fungus-resistant, only occasional insect infestation reasonably termite-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis
Albarco, Jequitiba	South America	good to very good durability darker woods are more resistant to fungal and insect infestation than lighter woods over-stowed woods often exhibit severe splitting load carefully risk of slippage of loaded cargo (veneers) owing to very smooth surface
Kaori	South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Pine, Baltic Redwood, Scots Pine	Central Europe Northern Europe Eastern Europe	heartwood: reasonably durable sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack risk of blue discoloration, due to inclusion of sapwood
Cherry	Europe West Asia North America	sapwood: low durability heartwood somewhat more durable oxidative discoloration on contact with metals
Afrormosia, Kokrodua	West Africa	good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation reasonably teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis iron/steel corrosion due to damp wood
Omu, Heavy Sapele, Kosipo, Candollei	West Africa Central Africa	sapwood: low durability heartwood (fresh) reasonably resistant to fungi but not insect-resistant good durability when dry fresh woods at risk of frost splitting, so care must be taken when importing during the cold part of the year
Danta, Kotibé	West Africa	very good durability fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant
Pterygota	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack sapwood particularly sensitive to blue stain chemical roundwood protection recommended
Krabak	South-east Asia	low durability sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood somewhat more resistant not teredo-resistant requires quick transport and prompt shipment
Larch	Central Europe	good durability also very durable in water protect wood from direct solar radiation and rain
Laurel	South America	sapwood and heartwood resistant fungus and insect infestation very sensitive to wood-discoloring fungi
Limba, Afara, Corina	West Africa Central Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative fungal discoloration, decay, worm grooves) wood protection measures required immediately after felling stow in favorable holds, Limba is particularly susceptible to attack
Lime	Europe	sapwood and heartwood: low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack end protection necessary for roundwood and cut lumber
Lychee	South America	low to good durability
Padouk, Maidou	South-east Asia	roundwood, dressed good durability heartwood reasonably insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant biologically active wood: bronchial asthma
Makore, Baku	West Africa	roundwood with and without bark Ghanaian Makoré generally unbarked Ivory Coast Makoré usually with bark good durability sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant risk of blue discoloration on contact with metal at high wood moisture levels biologically active wood: dermatitis, irritation of mucous membranes and conjunctivitis
Yellowwood, Mañiu	South America	low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack, not teredo-resistant
Mengkulang	South-east Asia	roundwood with and without bark low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant
Meranti, Red Lauan, Seraya	South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant
Merawan	South-east Asia	good durability heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant not teredo-resistant durable under water avoid direct solar radiation risk of fine surface splitting
Moabi	West Africa	good durability sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes metal corrosion due to damp wood
Mo vang tam	South Asia South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant requires prompt transport and quick shipment
Nigerian Satinwood, Movingui, Ayan	West Africa	good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant not teredo-resistant blue stain in sapwood
Mukulungú	West Africa Central Africa	roundwood always with bark sapwood: low durability heartwood: good durability hardly any fungus and insect infestation, reasonably termite-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
Mutenye	West Africa	good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant
Niangon, Wismore	West Africa	sapwood: low durability heartwood: good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant contact with iron/steel causes risk of corrosion
Niové	West Africa Central Africa	good to very good durability fungus-resistant and reasonably insect-resistant
Obeche, Abachi, Samba, Wawa	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant protect green wood immediately after felling Obeche is particularly susceptible to attack biologically active wood: asthmatic conditions
Gaboon, Okume	West Africa	roundwood solely with bark good durability sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also teredo-resistant reasonably durable under water blue stain and insects predominantly in sapwood
Olon	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal attack (particularly susceptible to blue stain) reasonably insect-resistant quick transport and prompt shipment are necessary to prevent depreciation, in particular due to blue stain
Omo, Cordia, Ebe	West Africa	frequently unbarked and dressed heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, probably also termite-resistant
Onzabili, Antrocaryon	West Africa	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack chemically protected wood preferred
East-Indian rosewood	South Asia	roundwood, dressed very good durability insect- and termite-resistant not teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis
Ovangkol	West Africa	sapwood: low durability (rotting) heartwood good to very good durability, supposedly fungus-resistant
Assia, Ozigo	West Africa	sapwood: low durability (blue stain) heartwood: good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
Parana pine, Pino Brasil	South America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack particularly in sapwood most important Brazilian wood species
Parasolier, African corkwood, umbrella tree	West Africa Central Africa	low durability (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves) felled wood requires quick hauling out chemical protection recommended
Pernambouc, Brasilwood	South America	roundwood, dressed very good durability heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation reasonably teredo-resistant biologically active wood: dermatitis
White peroba, Peroba jaune	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
Red peroba, Peroba rose	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation
Persimmon, Possum wood, Virginia date palm	North-eastern America	low durability the valuable sapwood in particular is susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration in the form of dark stains, splitting, rotting, worm grooves)
Pitch pine, Ponderosa pine	North America	heartwood with high apparent density: very good durability heartwood with low apparent density: susceptible to fungal and insect attack sapwood products also known as red pine
Plane tree	Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack quick to decay
Pyinkado	South Asia South-east Asia	very good durability heartwood: fungus-, insect- and teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
Mandioqueira, Quaruba	South America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant due to low durability, roundwood protection is necessary in forest and during transport, extended intermediate storage to be avoided
Radiata pine, Monterey pine	North America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack
Ramin, Melawis	South-east Asia	low durability susceptible to blue stain not insect- and teredo-resistant requires rapid transport to coast and quick shipment roundwood must be protected as soon as possible after felling Ramin is particularly susceptible to attack
Chilean beech, Rauli	South America	good durability susceptible to insect attack
Redwood, Sequoia	North America	very good durability virtually fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant oxidative discoloration frost splitting Redwood is one of the world’s best structural lumbers
Brazilian Rosewood, Rio Palisander, Jacaranda	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant the older is the tree, the more susceptible is the heartwood to attack
Robinia, Black locust	North America Europe	very durable, even in water generally fungus- and insect-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis Robinia is one of the toughest woods, excellent lumber for mining
Horse-chestnut	North America Europe Asia	sapwood and heartwood: low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi cause rapid decay with subsequent pocket rot
European beech	Central Europe Southern Europe Western Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack protect roundwood and cut lumber from direct solar radiation monitor wood protection measures continually
American red oak	North-eastern America	low durability, only durable in dry susceptible to fungal and insect attack blue discoloration by metal corrosion possible protect roundwood and cut lumber from rapid drying and from direct solar radiation
Elm	West Africa Europe West Asia	sapwood: low durability heartwood: reasonably durable frost splitting oxidative discoloration green discoloration due to reaction between iron/steel and tannin
Safukala	West Africa	sapwood: low durability, sensitive to blue stain fungi and insects heartwood: good durability, reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant oxidative discoloration possible due to contact with metals
Sapele, Sapelli, Aboudikro	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	roundwood predominantly unbarked, sometimes also dressed sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant blue discoloration possible on contact with metals
Black alder	Europe North Africa	low durability in open air very good durability under water (fungal discoloration, also oxidative discoloration)
Black poplar	Europe	low durability sapwood and heartwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
Utile, Sipo, Kalungi	West Africa Central Africa	roundwood predominantly with bark sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also reasonably termite-resistant not teredo-resistant
Sougué	Africa	moderate durability reasonably teredo- and insect-resistant, however, due to high silicate content
Tali	West Africa Central Africa East Africa	very good durability fungus- and insect-resistant teredo-resistant biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, general disorders, paralysis
Fir, silver fir	Central Europe Southern Europe	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack not teredo-resistant unbarked roundwood felled in sunshine splits very quickly green unbarked wood is rapidly attacked by mold
Tchitola, Tola, Chamfuta	West Africa Central Africa	roundwood unbarked sapwood: low durability heartwood: good durability reasonably resistant to fungi and insects not teredo-resistant termite-resistant ensure protective chemical treatment
Teak, Djati, Kyun	South Asia South-east Asia	very good durability heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant reasonably teredo-resistant metal corrosion possible due to constituents biologically active wood: dermatitis roundwood generally rafted very valuable wood exudes slight rubbery odor
Gedu Nohor, Tiama, Edinam	West Africa Central Africa	sapwood: low durability sensitive to attack by blue stain fungus and insects heartwood: reasonably good durability, but no resistance to insects and teredos often has an exceptionally high sapwood content oxidative discoloration on contact with metals
Tola	West Africa Central Africa	roundwood generally unbarked sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, reasonably termite-resistant not teredo-resistant dressed consignments are preferred due to the high resin content in the sapwood (up to 12%)
Urunday, Kingwood	South America	roundwood, dressed good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
Walnut	Central Europe Southern Europe	sapwood: low durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, (oxidative discoloration, frost splitting)
Willow	Europe West Asia	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack
Hornbeam	Europe	low durability in open air (oxidative and fungal discoloration, rotting, splitting, worm grooves)
Wengé	West Africa	roundwood predominantly dressed good durability heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant
Western hemlock	North America	low durability susceptible to fungal and insect attack reasonably teredo-resistant and durable under water
Western red cedar, giant arborvitae	North America	very good durability dry wood fungus- and insect-resistant
Eastern white pine, Weymouth pine, Yellow pine	North America Central Europe Western Europe	good durability (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
Yang, Keruing, Kanyin, Dau, Gurjun, In	South Asia South-east Asia	sapwood: low durability heartwood: good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant not teredo-resistant susceptible to dry splitting, exudes resin
Zebrawood, Zebrano, Zingana	West Africa	roundwood, dressed good durability reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant not teredo-resistant

Table 1: Wood species from [1] (excerpts only)

Designation	Geographic distribution	Commercial name	Comments
Obeche	Equatorial West Africa	Wawa (Ghana), Obeke (Nigeria), Ayos (Cameroon), Samba, Patalene (Ivory Coast)	Mainly roundwood, more rarely cut lumber. Ordinary wood, used in particular for plywood processing and for producing veneers. The wood is very susceptible to insects and fungal attack and must therefore be processed quickly.
Abura	Tropical regions of Africa	Subala (Ghana), Kofo, Vuku (Nigeria), Voukou (Gabon)	Roundwood Abura is not weather-resistant and is therefore used for interior fittings. Susceptibility to insect and fungal attack may be easily avoided by impregnation.
White mahogany	Interior of tropical Africa, in particular Ghana and the Ivory Coast	Ira, Krala (Ivory Coast), Ahafa (Ghana)	Roundwood A wood with low weather-resistance, used in veneer and plywood production.
African pencil cedar	East Africa	Muterakwa (East Africa), Mukuon, Mhangati (Kenya, Uganda)	Roundwood A weather-resistant hardwood for the pencil industry.
African ebony	West coast of Africa	Ecrila (Gabon), Aborkpor (Nigeria), Mevivi (Cameroon)	Roundwood (sapwood removed) A very heavy and hard wood for high-quality cabinet-making.
Agba	Tropical West African rainforests	Ubelu, Avulu, N’tola, Bolimba	Roundwood Structural lumber for indoor and outdoor structures, plywood industry.
Aiele	Tropical Africa	Elimi (Nigeria), Bediwunua (Ghana), Abeul (Gabon)	Roundwood A moderately hard wood, susceptible to weathering, impregnated against fungal and insect attack. Particularly suitable as planed product for internal fittings.
American oak: white oak	Eastern and Northern regions of USA	White oak	Cut lumber A hard wood, sensitive to moisture and used by furniture industry.
American oak: American red oak	South-eastern Canada, North-eastern USA	Red oak	Cut lumber, rarely roundwood The wood is related to the European oak.
Balsa	Central America, northern South America	Cuano (Honduras), Cajato (Guatemala), Lano (Venezuela), Palo de balsa (Bolivia)	A very soft wood, which is primarily used as insulating material for protection against noise, heat and cold.
Bongossi	Throughout West Africa	Okoga (Gabon), Eki, Eba (Nigeria), Bokole, Aya, Lifuku	Roundwood, planks and occasionally cut lumber A very hard wood, extremely weather-resistant and insensitive to insect infestation. Mainly used in hydraulic engineering.
Bonkonko	Throughout West Africa	Ako, Fou, Akede (Ivory Coast), False Iroko, Oro (Nigeria), Andoum (Gabon), Log-otsi, Chenchen (Ghana)	Roundwood, plywood The wood is soft, susceptible to blue stain and not weather-resistant. It is used as veneer wood and plywood in the furniture industry.
Parana pine	Brazil, provinces of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul	Parana pine	Cut lumber, shaped lumber, veneers A moderately hard, brittle, nonweather-resistant wood for internal fittings.
Bubinga	Equatorial West Africa	Luole, Waka, Bokongo (Congo), Ovang, Buvenga (Gabon), Essingang (Cameroon)	Roundwood A weather-resistant hardwood. Very suitable for veneers and use in the furniture industry.
Carolina Pine	USA, in southern Atlantic and Gulf states	Bull Pine, Black Pine, Torch Pine	Cut lumber Very sensitive to blue stain, used for producing windows and doors.
Figured macore	West African rainforest regions	Emoi (Ghana), Bobi, Bona, Fela (Ivory Coast), Bassi (Liberia)	Roundwood and cut lumber A hard, relatively insensitive wood for furniture production.
Silk cotton tree	Central Africa, less frequently Asia and South America	Bouma (Gabon), Hounti (Togo), Bentenie (Senegal), Okka (Nigeria), Enia (Ivory Coast)	Roundwood A soft, sensitive, low-quality wood for pallet and box manufacture.
Hickory	Eastern coast of USA	Whiteheart hickory, Hognut hickory	Planks, roundwood and cut lumber Used in the furniture industry and in production of work equipment and sports articles.
Iroko	West Africa	Odum (Ivory Coast), Mandji (Gabon)	Roundwood A hard, insensitive wood for quality products.
Khaya Mahagoni	West Africa	Mahagoni (Ivory Coast, Ghana)	Roundwood A hard, insensitive wood, used only for the most demanding applications due to its quality.
Pterygota	West Africa	Boutoue, Bofoouale (Ivory Coast), Poroposa (Nigeria), Kyere, Awari (Ghana)	Planks, cut lumber Wood highly susceptible to blue discoloration, used for furniture production.
Lauan	Philippines	Red lauan, White lauan	Roundwood, cut lumber A wood of averagely moderate hardness, weather resistance depends on region of growth. Mainly used in the furniture industry.
Limba, White Afra	West African rainforest regions	Framo, Frameri (Ghana), Mulimba (Angola), Frake, Ofram (Ivory Coast)	Cut lumber, roundwood Moderately hard wood, sensitive to moisture. Suitable for internal fittings and for plywood and veneer manufacture.
Meranti	Indonesia, Malaysia	White Meranti, Red Meranti, Yellow Meranti	Cut lumber, roundwood Moderately hard wood with average weather-resistance used for furniture and veneer manufacture.
Okumé	Gabon, West Africa	Ozonga, Angoume, Combo	Roundwood Most widely exported African wood. Great sensitivity to moisture and mold. Preferably used in furniture industry.
Oregon Pine	USA, Canada	Red Fir, Douglas Pine, Canadian Fir	Cut lumber Conifer, highly insensitive, for various uses.
Palisander	India, also Malaysia	Bombay Blackwood	Roundwood A hard, insensitive wood for veneer production and quality furniture.
Pitch Pine	Eastern coast of USA and Gulf states	Pitch Pine	Cut lumber Insensitive due to its high resin content. Used wherever pinewood needed.
Radiata pine	California (indigenous to USA and Mexico), cultivated in Australia, Chile, New Zealand	Radiata pine	Low quality roundwood with high sapwood content Very susceptible to fungi and rot, especially when imported from cultivation areas in Chile. As far as is known, the wood is not prestored or treated there, but rather is exported immediately after felling.
Ramin	Malaysia, Philippines	Ramin	Cut lumber and roundwood The wood has tendency to mold growth and blue stain. Processed in furniture and veneer industries.
Utile	Tropical West Africa	Timbi (Cameroon), Assi (Gabon)	Roundwood A moderately hard wood for internal fittings and furniture production.
Teak	South-east Asia	Teak	Roundwood, more rarely cut lumber A hard, weather-resistant, high-quality wood.

Table 2: Wood species


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