| Waste paper | [German version] |
Table of contents |
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| General: | ||
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Product information | |
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Packaging | |
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Transport | |
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Container transport | |
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Cargo securing | |
Product information
Product name
| German | Altpapier |
| English | Waste paper |
| French | |
| Spanish | Papel reciclable |
| CN/HS number * | 4707 ff. |
(* EU Combined Nomenclature/Harmonized System)
Product description
Waste paper is a secondary raw material (for use in pulping), which may be reused, e.g. in the production of gray chip. It consists of clean rejects/trimmings from paper factories, but may also comprise household waste and waste from a very wide range of economic sectors.
Waste paper comes from printing works, paper processing plants, department stores, self-service stores, homes etc.
It is treated as follows:
- The waste paper is pulped and defibered in a pulper.
- It is cleaned, i.e. extraneous substances are removed.
- The printing inks are removed by deinking. The printing inks are dissolved out of the fibers by water, sodium hydroxide solution, soap and air using the flotation process. Assisted by soap, the air bubbles gather around the printing inks and rise to the surface where the deinking foam is skimmed off.
- After cleaning and refining, it arrives at the pulp proportioning system, where it is processed into light-colored grades of paper.
Figure 1: Waste paper treatment flowchart
Quality / Duration of storage
The more thoroughly sorted is the waste paper, the higher is its quality. Waste paper from printing works and corrugated board producers, the wholesale trade and warehouses is of particularly good quality, as its dirt content is relatively small.
From the point of view of quality, waste paper types are divided into light-colored grades (from printing and publication products, office paper, documents) and dark-colored grades (from packaging materials). Light-colored grades are used in graphic and sanitary papers and dark-colored grades are processed into packaging papers and cardboard.
Intended use
Waste paper is used to produce:
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Paper, cardboard and paperboard for packaging |
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Sanitary paper |
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Special paper |
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Graphic paper |
A new use for waste paper is as a structural material for recyclable transport pallets, which weigh only 10 kg but can take loads of up to 1.5 metric tons.
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Packaging
Waste paper is predominantly pressed into bales and strapped with wire for transport and storage.
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Transport
Symbols
 General cargo |
Means of transport
Ship, truck, railroad
Container transport
Transport in standard containers , subject to compliance with limits for water content of goods, packaging and flooring.
Cargo handling
It is imperative that the goods be protected from moisture (rain, snow etc.) during cargo handling, as the risk of spontaneous combustion may be increased.
During cargo handling, the bales must not be lifted by the strapping, as this may break.
Stowage factor
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4.10 m³/t (bales, unpackaged, wire-strapped, from Cuba) [1] |
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2.69 m³/t (old newspapers, bales unpackaged) [1] |
Stowage space requirements
dry
Cargo securing
The cargo is to be secured in such a way that the bales or strapping are not damaged. Undamaged strapping is essential to maintain compression of the bales during transport.
For cargo securing, see also chapter entitled Paper trade in the GDV Cargo Securing Manual.
For further information see also the chapters entitled
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„Basic physical principles of cargo securing“, |
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„Road vehicles, selection, equipping and loading capacity“, |
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„Cargo securing materials“ |
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Risk factors and loss prevention
RF Temperature
Waste paper requires particular humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Most favorable travel temperature range: no limit [1]
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RF Humidity/Moisture
Waste paper requires particular humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
| Designation | Humidity/water content | Source |
| Relative humidity | 65 – 70% | [1] |
| Water content | 6 – 12% | [1] |
| Maximum equilibrium moisture content | 70% | [1] |
Waste paper is hygroscopic and must be protected from all moisture, such as rain, snow, condensation water, seawater and extremely high levels of relative humidity. Exposure to moisture may lead to spontaneous combustion.
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RF Ventilation
Waste paper requires particular humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Recommended ventilation conditions: air exchange rate: 6 changes/hour (airing), if the dew point of the external air is lower than the dew point of the hold air.
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RF Biotic activity
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Gases
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion
Waste paper is a combustible material, which must be protected from flying sparks, naked lights and lit cigarettes. Smoking must be strictly prohibited.
When stacked, waste paper has a tendency to heat-induced spontaneous combustion.
Waste paper which has been compressed into compacted bales, is impregnated with unsaturated oils and is not completely dry constitutes a fire hazard and must be classified as a substance from class 4.2 of the IMDG Code or ADR. Waste paper classed as a hazardous material must be transported in accordance with the relevant recommendations and conventions (in this case, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 1989).
Unlike CO2, water and foam cause considerable cargo losses due to wetting and swelling when used as fire-extinguishing agents.
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RF Odor
| Active behavior | Waste paper does not normally release any odor. However, it may smell slightly unpleasant if contaminated. |
| Passive behavior | It is insensitive to foreign odors. |
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RF Contamination
| Active behavior | Waste paper is normally a clean cargo. However, contamination may occur as a result of paper shreds and abrasion. |
| Passive behavior | Even if waste paper is to undergo washing during further processing, it should still be stowed away from fats/oils, colorants and contaminating goods. |
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RF Mechanical influences
During cargo handling, the bales must not be lifted by the strapping, as this may break.
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RF Toxicity / Hazards to health
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Shrinkage / Shortage / Theft
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Insect infestation / Diseases
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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