| Filter paper | [German version] |
Table of contents |
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| General: | ||
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Product information | |
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Packaging | |
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Transport | |
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Container transport | |
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Cargo securing | |
Product information
Product name
| German | Filterpapier, Filtrierpapier |
| English | Filter paper |
| French | Papier à filtrer |
| Spanish | Papel de filtro |
| CN/HS number * | 4805 40 00 or 4823 20 00 |
(* EU Combined Nomenclature/Harmonized System)
Product description
Filter paper is a woodfree, unsized absorbent paper manufactured from rags, which is particularly pure and has a defined separation capacity and filtration rate.
Quality / Duration of storage
Separation capacity and filtration rate are determined by the size and number of pores. These properties can be influenced by varying the degree of beating of the pulps or by providing a crepe finish on the paper.
When undyed, filter paper is white in color. If exposed to excessive sunlight or other light, it is subject to yellowing.
Intended use
Filter paper is used in the form of round filters for separating suspended substances from liquids (e.g. coffee filters).
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Packaging
Filter paper is transported wrapped in bales and strapped with metal strapping.
Round filters are retailed in folding cartons as the sales packaging. For transport purposes, these cartons are consolidated into larger units in corrugated board shipping packaging.
Packaging sizes are so selected that the dimensions of the individual area modules or area module multiples are conformed to the conventional pallet sizes (800×1200 mm and 1000×1200 mm) and cargo units may thus be produced.
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Transport
Symbols
 General cargo |
Means of transport
Truck, ship (specially designed for transporting paper), railroad
Container transport
Transport in standard containers , subject to compliance with limits for water content of goods, packaging and flooring.
Cargo handling
It is imperative that the goods be protected from moisture (rain, snow) during cargo handling, as there is a risk of losses caused by swelling and tearing of individual layers.
Incorrect handling during loading and unloading and storage entails the risk of damage. Bales must not be lifted by the strapping for example.
Stowage factor
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3.46 m³/t (wrapped 145 kg bales with metal strapping) [1] |
Stowage space requirements
Holds/containers must be absolutely dry and clean. The goods must be protected from any possible leakage from hydraulic lines. In addition, the holds must be protected against ingress of moisture.
Segregation
Packing paper
Cargo securing
The cargo is to be secured in such a way that the bales or strapping are not damaged. Undamaged strapping is essential to maintain compression of the bales during transport.
For cargo securing, see also chapter entitled Paper trade in the GDV Cargo Securing Manual.
For further information see also the chapters entitled
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„Basic physical principles of cargo securing“, |
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„Road vehicles, selection, equipping and loading capacity“, |
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„Cargo securing materials“. |
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Risk factors and loss prevention
RF Temperature
Filter paper requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Most favorable travel temperature range: 0 – 25°C [1]
Optimum travel temperature: 20°C [1]
During cargo handling, temperatures below 0°C are also permissible for short periods. The product must be protected from heat sources and intense solar radiation in order to avoid brittleness and yellowing.
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RF Humidity/Moisture
Filter paper requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
| Designation | Humidity/water content | Source |
| Relative humidity | 65 – 70% | [1] |
| Water content | 5 – 8% | [1] |
| Maximum equilibrium moisture content | 70% | [1] |
Protection from dampening is essential if transport is to proceed without damage: filter paper is hygroscopic and must thus be protected from all moisture, such as rain, snow, condensation water, seawater and extremely high levels of relative humidity, or damp stacking surfaces.
 Figure 1 |
Exposure to moisture causes waviness, a reduction in mechanical tensile strength, swelling and, on subsequent drying, staining (drying rings).
Stop cargo handling operations during precipitation and close the holds.
Cargo sweat is particularly likely to occur during voyages from cold to hot climates or during unloading in tropical ports if the goods were not sufficiently warmed up during the voyage and were exposed to the hot ambient air upon opening of the hatch covers or container doors.
Filter paper must not be stowed in a hold with other goods which release moisture.
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RF Ventilation
Filter paper requires particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Recommended ventilation conditions: air exchange rate: 6 changes/hour (airing), if the dew point of the external air is lower than the dew point of the hold air.
On voyages from cold to hot climates (Scandinavian ports, Continental ports – tropical unloading ports in Africa, Asia), every possible opportunity for warming the paper must be used to avoid cargo sweat.
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RF Biotic activity
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Gases
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion
Filter paper is readily combustible and should therefore be protected from flying sparks. Smoking must be strictly prohibited. When stacked, filter paper has a tendency to heat-induced spontaneous combustion.
Unlike CO2, water and foam cause considerable cargo losses due to wetting and swelling when used as fire-extinguishing agents.
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RF Odor
| Active behavior | Filter paper does not release any odor. |
| Passive behavior | It is extremely sensitive to unpleasant and/or pungent foreign odors. |
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RF Contamination
| Active behavior | Filter paper is a very clean cargo. |
| Passive behavior | Due to its intended use, filter paper is extremely sensitive to contamination and must be kept absolutely clean. It must in particular be stowed away from colorants, acids, chemicals and fats/oils and be protected from dust. |
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RF Mechanical influences
Filter paper is very sensitive to mechanical influences such as pressure, impact and friction. The risk of damage is greatest during cargo handling. Since exposure to moisture reduces mechanical strength, the product must be kept absolutely dry.
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RF Toxicity / Hazards to health
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Shrinkage / Shortage / Theft
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Insect infestation / Diseases
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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